The kidney is an important organ of the human body. Its basic function is to generate urine to remove metabolites and certain wastes and toxins from the body. At the same time, it retains water and other useful substances through reabsorption, such as glucose, protein, amino acids, sodium ions, Potassium ions, sodium bicarbonate, etc., to adjust water and electrolyte balance and maintain acid-base balance. The kidney is one of the most important organs of the human body, and its function is mainly to secrete and excrete wastes from the body's metabolism; to regulate and maintain the stability of the body's internal environment. A variety of diseases can affect the kidneys, and changes in renal function tests can help doctors detect and diagnose diseases in a timely manner.
The significance of renal function tests is to assess whether there is renal impairment. For example, an increase in creatinine indicates damage to renal function. Common causes include nephritis, diabetic nephropathy, and hypertensive renal damage. It is necessary to further check the color ultrasound of the urinary system, urine routine, blood routine and other items to comprehensively judge the condition, and check the renal biopsy when necessary. The specific pathological type is clarified, so that the medicine can be targeted.
The commonly used renal function tests in the hospital are mainly serum urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, uric acid and so on.
Renal function test serum urea nitrogen:
1. Increased serum urea nitrogen is mainly seen in: various kidney diseases such as chronic nephritis and pyelonephritis. Ureter, bladder and prostate diseases, such as ureteral stones, tumors, prostate diseases, etc., can also cause serum urea nitrogen to increase when urinary tract obstruction causes a significant decrease in urine output or anuria. Other factors such as dehydration, increased protein catabolism, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding can also cause elevated serum urea.
2. The decrease in serum urea is mainly seen in toxic hepatitis and acute liver atrophy.
Renal function test serum creatinine:
1. The increase is mainly seen in kidney diseases such as nephritis. When the glomerular filtration function decreased to 30% to 50%, the serum creatinine value increased significantly. When serum creatinine is 176-355 μmol/L, moderate to severe renal damage is indicated. When serum creatinine and urea increase at the same time, it indicates severe renal damage and poor prognosis.
2. The decrease is mainly seen in progressive muscle atrophy, leukemia, anemia, etc.
Elevated uric acid on renal function tests is seen in:
1. Gout.
2. kidney disease.
3. Malignant tumors.
In addition, there are some other indicators such as urinary microalbumin, β2 microglobulin, retinol-binding protein, urinary albumin, etc. that can reflect kidney function.
